Belajar Seputar TCP/IP dan OSI Model

TCP Ip itu apa ya ? Model Osi Itu apa ya ? yuk kita belajar dari artikel ini, silahkan dibaca perlahan lahan tutorialnya yang dibawah ini. terima kasih

Dalam tutorial ini anda akan belajar Model TCP vs OSI

• Apa yang dimaksud dengan OSI Model ?
• Apa yang dimaksud dengan TCP/IP Model?
• Sejarah dari OSI Model
• Sejarah dari TCP/IP
• Characteristics of the OSI Model
• Characteristics TCP/IP Model
• Difference between OSI Model and TCP/IP Model
• Advantages of the OSI Model
• Advantages of TCP/IP
• Disadvantages of OSI Model
• Disadvantages of TCP/IP

Apa yang dimaksud dengan OSI Model?

Model OSI adalah bentuk logis dan konseptual yang mendefinisikan komunikasi jaringan yang digunakan oleh sistem yang terbuka untuk interkoneksi dan komunikasi dengan sistem lain. model OSI juga didefinisikan sebagai jaringan logis dan secara efektif menjelaskan transfer paket komputer dengan menggunakan berbagai lapisan protokol.

Apa yang dimaksud dengan TCP/IP Model?

TCP / IP yang merupakan kesatuan dari protokol TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) dan IP (Internet Protocol) sebagai sekelompok protokol yang mengelola proses komunikasi data dalam proses pertukaran data dari satu komputer ke perangkat komputer lain yang terhubung dalam jaringan internet,hingga memastikan pengiriman data sampai ke alamat yang dituju.

Sejarah Model OSI

Berikut adalah beberapa landmark penting dari sejarah model OSI:

• Pada akhir 1970-an, Organisasi ISO melakukan program untuk mengembangkan standar umum dan metode jaringan.
• Pada tahun 1973, Sistem Packet Switched Experimental di Inggris mengidentifikasi persyaratan untuk mendefinisikan protokol tingkat yang lebih tinggi.
• Pada tahun 1983, model OSI dideklarasikan menjadi spesifikasi yang lebih terperinci dari antarmuka yang sebenarnya
• Pada tahun 1984, arsitektur OSI secara resmi diadopsi oleh ISO sebagai standar internasional.

History of TCP/IP

Berikut adalah beberapa landmark penting dari sejarah TCP/IP:

• Pada tahun 1974, Vint Cerf dan Bob Kahn menerbitkan sebuah makalah “Protokol untuk Paket Jaringan Interkoneksi ” yang menggambarkan Model TCP / IP.
• Pada tahun 1978, pengujian dan pengembangan lebih lanjut dari bahasa ini menghasilkan seperangkat protokol baru yang disebut TCP / IP.
• Pada tahun 1982, diputuskan bahwa TCP / IP harus diganti NCP sebagai bahasa standar ARPAnet.
• Pada 1 Januari 1983, ARPAnet beralih ke TCP / IP, ARPAnet menyelesaikan keberadaannya pada tahun 1990. Internet sejak itu tumbuh dari akar ARPAnet, dan TCP / IP berevolusi untuk memenuhi perubahan kebutuhan Internet.

Characteristics of the OSI Model

Berikut adalah beberapa karakteristik penting dari model OSI::

• A layer should only be created where the definite levels of abstraction are needed..
• The function of each layer should be selected as per the internationally standardized protocols.
• The number of layers should be large so that separate functions should not be put in the same layer. At the same time, it should be small enough so that architecture doesn’t become very complicated.
• In the OSI model, each layer relies on the next lower layer to perform primitive functions. Every level should able to provide services to the next higher layer.
• Changes made in one layer should not need changes in other lavers.

Characteristics TCP/IP Model

Here are the essential characteristics of the TCP/IP protocol:

• Support for a flexible architecture
• Adding more systems to a network is easy.
• In TCP/IP, the network remains intact until the source and destination machines were functioning properly.
• TCP is a connection-oriented protocol.
• TCP offers reliability and ensures that data which arrives out of sequence should put back into order.
• TCP allows you to implement flow control, so the sender never overpowers a receiver with data.

Difference between OSI Model and TCP/IP Model

Here are some important differences between the OSI and TCP/IP model:

OSI Model	TCP/IP Model
It is developed by ISO (International Standard Organization)	It is developed by ARPANET (Advanced Research Project Agency Network).
OSI model provides a clear distinction between interfaces, services, and protocols.	TCP/IP doesn’t have any clear distinguishing points between services, interfaces, and protocols.
OSI refers to Open Systems Interconnection.	TCP refers to Transmission Control Protocol.
OSI uses the network layer to define routing standards and protocols.	TCP/IP uses only the Internet layer.
OSI follows a vertical approach.	TCP/IP follows a horizontal approach.
OSI layers have seven layers.	TCP/IP has four layers.
In the OSI model, the transport layer is only connection-oriented.	A layer of the TCP/IP model is both connection-oriented and connectionless.
In the OSI model, the data link layer and physical are separate layers.	In TCP, physical and data link are both combined as a single host-to-network layer.
Session and presentation layers are a part of the OSI model.	There is no session and presentation layer in the TCP model.
It is defined after the advent of the Internet.	It is defined before the advent of the internet.
The minimum size of the OSI header is 5 bytes.	The minimum header size is 20 bytes.

Advantages of the OSI Model

Here are the major benefits/pros of using the OSI model:

• It helps you to standardize router, switch, motherboard, and other hardware
• Reduces complexity and standardizes interfaces
• Facilitates modular engineering
• Helps you to ensure interoperable technology
• Helps you to accelerate the evolution
• Protocols can be replaced by new protocols when technology changes.
• Provide support for connection-oriented services as well as connectionless service.
• It is a standard model in computer networking.
• Supports connectionless and connection-oriented services.
• It offers flexibility to adapt to various types of protocols.

Advantages of TCP/IP

Here, are pros/benefits of using the TCP/IP model:

• It helps you to establish/set up a connection between different types of computers.
• It operates independently of the operating system.
• It supports many routing-protocols.
• It enables the internetworking between the organizations.
• TCP/IP model has a highly scalable client-server architecture.
• It can be operated independently.
• Supports several routing protocols.
• It can be used to establish a connection between two computers.

Disadvantages of OSI Model

Here are some cons/ drawbacks of using OSI Model:

• Fitting of protocols is a tedious task.
• You can only use it as a reference model.
• It doesn’t define any specific protocol.
• In the OSI network layer model, some services are duplicated in many layers such as the transport and data link layers
• Layers can’t work in parallel as each layer need to wait to obtain data from the previous layer.

Disadvantages of TCP/IP

Here, are few drawbacks of using the TCP/IP model:

• TCP/IP is a complicated model to set up and manage.
• The shallow/overhead of TCP/IP is higher-than IPX (Internetwork Packet Exchange).
• In this, model the transport layer does not guarantee delivery of packets.
• Replacing protocol in TCP/IP is not easy.
• It has no clear separation from its services, interfaces, and protocols.

Summary:

• The OSI Model is a logical and conceptual model that defines network communication used by systems open to interconnection and communication with other systems
• TCP/IP helps you to determine how a specific computer should be connected to the internet and how you can transmitted between them
• TCP/IP supports flexible architecture
• OSI model is developed by ISO (International Standard Organization), whereas TCP Model is developed by ARPANET (Advanced Research Project Agency Network).
• OSI model helps you to standardize router, switch, motherboard, and other hardware
• TCP/IP helps you to establish/set up a connection between different types of computers
• OSI model can only use it as a reference mode

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source: https://www.guru99.com/difference-tcp-ip-vs-osi-model.html